29Cu63.546
Copper
Transition metalsHard, shiny metals that conduct heat and electricity well and often form coloured compounds.
[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
- Atomic number
- 29
- Atomic mass
- 63.546
- Protons
- 29
- Neutrons
- 35 (most common)
- Electrons
- 29
- Shells
- 2, 8, 18, 1
- State at 25 °C
- Solid
- Position
- Group 11, period 4
Proton (+)Neutron (0)Electron (−)
Discovered byKnown since ancient times
Copper was one of the first metals people used, over 10,000 years ago. Mixed with tin, it made bronze and started the Bronze Age.
Did you know?
- The Statue of Liberty is copper. It turned green from a protective layer called patina.
- Copper surfaces slowly kill many germs.
Where it's found
- Ores like chalcopyrite
- Sometimes as pure nuggets
What it's used for
- Electrical wiring
- Water pipes and utensils
- Coins and brass (with zinc)
Try it
Shine an old copper coinSafe at home
- 1Mix a spoon of salt into a little vinegar.
- 2Drop in a dull copper coin or rub it on a copper vessel.
- 3Rinse after a minute.
What you'll see: The dull coating dissolves and the copper shines again.